Persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection, EBV, HHV-6 and other factors may contribute to inflammation and autoimmunity in long COVID

A Vojdani, E Vojdani, E Saidara, M Maes - Viruses, 2023 - mdpi.com
A novel syndrome called long-haul COVID or long COVID is increasingly recognized in a
significant percentage of individuals within a few months after infection with SARS-CoV-2 …

Chronic viral infections in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)

S Rasa, Z Nora-Krukle, N Henning, E Eliassen… - Journal of Translational …, 2018 - Springer
Background and main text Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is
a complex and controversial clinical condition without having established causative factors …

Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part I: the role of infection

A Ascherio, KL Munger - Annals of neurology, 2007 - Wiley Online Library
Although genetic susceptibility explains the clustering of multiple sclerosis (MS) cases within
families and the sharp decline in risk with increasing genetic distance, it cannot fully explain …

Classification of HHV-6A and HHV-6B as distinct viruses

D Ablashi, H Agut, R Alvarez-Lafuente, DA Clark… - Archives of …, 2014 - Springer
Shortly after the discovery of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), two distinct variants, HHV-6A
and HHV-6B, were identified. In 2012, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses …

The role of infections in multiple sclerosis

M Marrodan, L Alessandro, MF Farez… - Multiple Sclerosis …, 2019 - journals.sagepub.com
Several lines of evidence suggest that multiple sclerosis (MS), like other autoimmune
diseases, may be triggered by microbial infections. Pathogens associated with development …

Update on human herpesvirus 6 biology, clinical features, and therapy

L De Bolle, L Naesens, E De Clercq - Clinical microbiology …, 2005 - journals.asm.org
SUMMARY Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a betaherpesvirus that is closely related to
human cytomegalovirus. It was discovered in 1986, and HHV-6 literature has expanded …

New concepts in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

B Hemmer, JJ Archelos, HP Hartung - Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2002 - nature.com
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a commonly occurring inflammatory and demyelinating
neurological disease. It has been considered to be an autoimmune disorder mediated by …

Antiviral immune responses: triggers of or triggered by autoimmunity?

C Münz, JD Lünemann, MT Getts… - Nature Reviews …, 2009 - nature.com
The predisposition of individuals to several common autoimmune diseases, such as
rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis, is genetically …

Molecular mimicry and immune‐mediated diseases

MBA Oldstone - The FASEB Journal, 1998 - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Molecular mimicry has been proposed as a pathogenetic mechanism for autoimmune
disease, as well as a probe useful in uncovering its etiologic agents. The hypothesis is …

The role of viral infections in the development of autoimmune diseases

HM Hussein, EA Rahal - Critical reviews in microbiology, 2019 - Taylor & Francis
The exact aetiology of most autoimmune diseases remains unknown, nonetheless, several
factors contributing to the induction or exacerbation of autoimmune reactions have been …