Microbial cells (ie, bacteria, archaea, microeukaryotes) in oceans secrete a diverse array of
large molecules, collectively called extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) or simply …

Abstract The Archean era (4 to 2.5 billion years ago, Ga) yielded rocks that include the
oldest conclusive traces of life as well as many controversial occurrences. Carbonaceous …

Microbial mats are ecosystems that arguably greatly affected the conditions of the biosphere
on Earth through geological time. These laminated organosedimentary systems, which date …

Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) have existed throughout much of Earth's history and remain
major contributors to carbon cycling in modern systems. Despite their importance …

Photosynthetic uptake of inorganic carbon can raise the pH adjacent to cyanobacterial cells,
promoting CaCO3 precipitation. This effect is enhanced by CO2 concentrating mechanisms …

Dolomite was successfully precipitated in culture experiments that simulated
microbiogeochemical conditions prevailing during late stages of evaporation in ephemeral …

Stromatolites of the∼ 3.5 billion-year-old Dresser Formation (Pilbara Craton, Western
Australia) are considered to be some of Earth's earliest convincing evidence of life …

Abstract Modern Ca: Mg carbonate stromatolites form in association with the microbial mat in
the hypersaline coastal lagoon, Lagoa Vermelha (Brazil). The stromatolites, although …

Recent, region-scale estimates suggest that high levels of coral cover loss have occurred in
both the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific reef provinces (Gardner et al. 2003; Bruno and Selig …

Cyanobacteria have dominated marine environments and have been reef builders on Earth
for more than three million years (myr). Cyanobacteria still play an essential role in modern …