For some years, European regulation concerning refrigerating systems has become more
and more severe. Because of their design and technology, refrigeration units cannot avoid …

The heat pump air conditioning (HPAC) systems in electric vehicles (EVs) consume a
significant amount of electric power to manage the thermal requirements of various …

Faults are believed to be common in split system air-conditioner and heat pump systems,
due to operating degradation or installation problems. Common faults include improper …

Air conditioning systems are known to experience operating faults, often caused by
problems in their installation. To understand the impacts of these faults on system-wide …

Graphite composite insulation boards (GCIB) have emerged as a promising solution in the
construction industry, offering a combination of fire resistance, high temperature stability …

Split system air conditioners are widely used to cool residential buildings, because of their
low cost and simplicity. However, their efficiency is impacted by installation faults, which …

In this work, two transient mathematical models are presented for simulating a vapor
compression refrigeration system of domestic refrigerator using R134a. One, the thermal …

The environmental impact of refrigeration systems can be reduced by improving their
efficiency and reducing refrigerant leakage. This paper presents results of experimental …

Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems faults are inevitable due to installation errors,
degradation, and other reasons. It is of great value to quantitatively understand the impact of …

Refrigerant inevitably dissolves into lubricating oil in the heat pump compressor, and it will
precipitate from the lubricating oil with the decrease of refrigerant pressure. The precipitation …