Glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative ocular disease that leads to progressive
loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and their axons that form the optic nerve. The end result …

Patients with ophthalmic diseases or injuries often need general anesthesia for surgery or
diagnosis. The anesthetic goals for ophthalmic patients to ensure favorable outcomes …

A complete, thorough ocular examination is a basic and essential aspect of equine
ophthalmology. In this chapter, ophthalmic examination of the horse is discussed, with …

Objective To obtain a reference range for evaluation of intraocular pressure (IOP) in horses
using Tonovet Plus®, to compare the IOP readings obtained with Tonovet® and Tonovet …

Sedation facilitates the ocular examination in horses. Alpha2‐adrenoceptor agonists are
commonly used in equine practice. If the eye is painful, the combination of an α2 …

This chapter discusses equine ophthalmic examination, including assessment of ocular
function, inspection of the complex anatomy of the globe and surrounding structures, and …

Background It is currently unknown which of the two devices most commonly used in equine
ophthalmology for intraocular pressure (IOP) estimation demonstrates the lowest inter‐user …

Objective To assess rebound tonometry intraocular pressure (IOP) in unsedated horses
without and with auriculopalpebral (AP) nerve blocks. Animals Studied Twenty‐two client …

Routine ocular examination and treatment of ocular emergencies is an important part of
equine practice. In this chapter, techniques and treatment are reviewed that may be …

Purpose To determine intraocular pressure (IOP) reference intervals in eyes of healthy
miniature donkeys (Equus africanus asinus) via rebound and applanation tonometry …