At the base of axons sits a unique compartment called the axon initial segment (AIS). The
AIS generates and shapes the action potential before it is propagated along the axon …

Ca2+ plays a crucial role in connecting membrane excitability with contraction in
myocardium. The hallmark features of heart failure are mechanical dysfunction and …

Many signals have risen and fallen in the tide of investigation into mechanisms of
myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). In our opinion, the multifunctional Ca and …

Spectrins are cytoskeletal proteins that are expressed ubiquitously in the mammalian
nervous system. Pathogenic variants in SPTAN1, SPTBN1, SPTBN2 and SPTBN4, four of …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in cardiovascular diseases, and one
important source for ROS are mitochondria. Emission of ROS from mitochondria is the net …

Understanding relationships between heart failure and arrhythmias, important causes of
suffering and sudden death, remains an unmet goal for biomedical researchers and …

The cardiac field has benefited from the availability of several CaMKII inhibitors serving as
research tools to test putative CaMKII pathways associated with cardiovascular physiology …

Rationale: In heart failure Ca/calmodulin kinase (CaMK) II expression and reactive oxygen
species (ROS) are increased. Both ROS and CaMKII can increase late I Na leading to …

Abstract Nav1. 5, the pore forming α-subunit of the voltage-dependent cardiac Na+ channel,
is an integral membrane protein involved in the initiation and conduction of action potentials …

This review focuses on structure and functions of spectrin as a major component of the
membrane skeleton. Recent advances on spectrin function as an interface for signal …