The Mediterranean region and the Levant have returned some of the clearest evidence of a
climatically dry period occurring around 4200 years ago. However, some regional evidence …

The climatic event between 4.2 and 3.9 ka BP known as the “4.2 ka event” is commonly
considered to be a synchronous global drought that happened as one pulse. However …

The Holocene, which currently spans~ 11 700 years, is the shortest series/epoch within the
geological time scale (GTS), yet it contains a rich archive of evidence in stratigraphical …

The climatic controls on the stable carbon isotopic composition (δ 13 C) of speleothem
carbonate are less often discussed in the scientific literature in contrast to the frequently …

Here we identify and analyze proxy data interpreted to reflect hydro-climatic variability over
the last 10,000 years from the Mediterranean region to (1) outline millennial and multi …

Stable isotope records from speleothems provide information on past climate changes, most
particularly information that can be used to reconstruct past changes in precipitation and …

The variability of the northern westerlies has been considered as one of the key elements for
modern and past climate evolution. Their multiscale behavior and underlying control …

The 4.2 ka BP event is defined as a phase of environmental stress characterized by severe
and prolonged drought of global extent. The event is recorded from the North Atlantic …

Causal explanations for the 4.2 ka BP event are based on the amalgamation of seasonal
and annual records of climate variability that was manifest across global regions dominated …

Recent hydroclimate studies on the Iberian Peninsula have shown a complex regional
pattern in timing and intensity of climate change spanning the Younger Dryas and the …