The nucleation of crystals in liquids is one of nature's most ubiquitous phenomena, playing
an important role in areas such as climate change and the production of drugs. As the early …

How are water's material properties encoded within the structure of the water molecule? This
is pertinent to understanding Earth's living systems, its materials, its geochemistry and …

We prepared bulk samples of supercooled liquid water under pressure by isochoric heating
of high-density amorphous ice to temperatures of 205±10 kelvin, using an infrared …

Water freezing is ubiquitous and affects areas as diverse as climate, the chemical industry,
cryobiology and materials science. Ice nucleation is the controlling step in water freezing …

The hypothesis that water has a second critical point at deeply supercooled conditions was
formulated to provide a thermodynamically consistent interpretation of numerous …

The possible existence of a metastable liquid–liquid transition (LLT) and a corresponding
liquid–liquid critical point (LLCP) in supercooled liquid water remains a topic of much …

Femtosecond x-ray laser pulses were used to probe micrometer-sized water droplets that
were cooled down to 227 kelvin in vacuum. Isothermal compressibility and correlation length …

Water is unique in its number of unusual, often called anomalous, properties. When hot it is
a normal simple liquid; however, close to ambient temperatures properties, such as the …

Whereas the interactions between water molecules are dominated by strongly directional
hydrogen bonds (HBs), it was recently proposed that relatively weak, isotropic van der …

A long-standing question in water research is the possibility that supercooled liquid water
can undergo a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLT) into high-and low-density liquids. We …