Innate immune cells have a critical role in defense against infection and disease. Central to
this is the broad specificity with which they can detect pathogen‐associated patterns and …

Unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are
recognized by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) found in antigen-presenting cells and B cells and …

DNA has proven of high utility to modulate the surface functionality of metal–organic
frameworks (MOFs) for various biomedical applications. Nevertheless, current methods for …

In subunit vaccines, aluminum salts (Alum) are commonly used as adjuvants, but with limited
cellular immune responses. To overcome this limitation, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) …

Peptide-based vaccines are attractive approaches for cancer immunotherapy; but the
success of these vaccines in clinical trials have been limited. Our goal is to improve immune …

Nucleases present a formidable barrier to the application of nucleic acids in biology,
significantly reducing the lifetime of nucleic acid-based drugs. Here, we develop a novel …

DNA-based nanoconstructs possess great potential for biomedical applications. However,
the in vivo behavior of such constructs at the microscopic tissue/cell level as well as their …

Chitosan-based particles are desirable materials for drug delivery because of their muco-
adhesiveness in tissues, biocompatibility, low toxicity and effectiveness in antigen transport …

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing immunostimulatory CpG motif mimic bacterial
DNA and are potent activator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, CpG …

Huge productivity loss due to infectious diseases in chickens is a major problem and, hence,
robust development of the poultry industry requires control of poultry health. Immunization …