Diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, especially through the increase of type 2
diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy occurs in up to 40% of diabetic patients and is the leading …

Lipids are essential for physiological processes such as maintaining membrane integrity,
providing a source of energy and acting as signalling molecules to control processes …

Background Oxidative stress is involved in thoracic diseases and health responses to air
pollution. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a well-established marker of oxidative stress, but it may …

Cellular metabolic changes during chronic kidney disease (CKD) may induce higher
production of oxygen radicals that play a significant role in the progression of renal damage …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an enhanced oxidative stress and deep
modifications in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. First, many oxidized lipids accumulate in …

Context: Kidney-related pathologies have increasing prevalence rates, produce a
considerable financial burden, and are characterized by elevated levels of oxidative stress …

Haemolysis in haemodialysis, although rare in current times, is associated with significant
mortality and morbidity. As such prompt recognition, treatment, analysis of root cause and …

Ozone (O3) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can interact with cellular components
and cause oxidative stress. Following said logic, if O3 induces such a stressful milieu, how …

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and its receptor VEGFR2 are the main targets
of antiangiogenic therapies, and proteinuria is one of the common adverse events …

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the most common biomarkers of oxidative stress and is
used for the diagnosis of many diseases. This work aims to review the reaction used for the …