Quantitative predictions of natural and induced phenomena in fractured rock is one of the
great challenges in the Earth and Energy Sciences with far‐reaching economic and …

Roughness determines many functional properties of surfaces, such as adhesion, friction,
and (thermal and electrical) contact conductance. Recent analytical models and simulations …

Surface roughness ubiquitously prevails in natural faults across various length scales.
Despite extensive studies highlighting the important role of fault geometry in the dynamics of …

This paper reviews laboratory observations of earthquake initiation and describes new
experiments on a 3‐m rock sample where the nucleation process is imaged in detail. Many …

Earthquake slip distributions are asymmetric along strike, but the reasons for the asymmetry
are unknown. We address this question by establishing empirical relations between …

Foreshocks are not uncommon prior to large earthquakes, but their physical mechanism
remains controversial. Two interpretations have been advanced:(1) foreshocks are driven by …

Understanding the factors governing the stability of fault slip is a crucial problem in fault
mechanics,–. The importance of fault geometry and roughness on fault-slip behaviour has …

Among the wide range of thermal, petrologic, hydrological, and structural factors that
potentially affect subduction earthquakes, the roughness of the subducting seafloor is …

Rough surfaces are ubiquitous in nature. Near-surface processes both encounter and create
surface roughness. Recent advances in surveying have improved the resolution, extent and …

Understanding earthquake (EQ) recurrence relies on information about the timing and size
of past EQ ruptures along a given fault. Knowledge of a fault's rupture history provides …