Currently, approaches to pain control in horses are a mixture of art and science. Recognition
of overt pain behaviours, such as rolling, kicking at the abdomen, flank watching, lameness …

Objective This review evaluates the thermal and mechanical nociceptive threshold testing
techniques that have been used in horses and discusses them with reference to their …

Opioids are the prototypical analgesics, antitussives, and antidiarrheal drug class. The
opioid receptor system or opioid effects have been identified in numerous animal species …

* The editors and authors acknowledge and appreciate the contributions of Samuel L.
Jones, Katharina I. Lohmann, Michelle Henry Barton, Laura Javsicas, Anthony T. Blikslager …

Primary care guidelines provide a reference point to guide clinicians based on a systematic
review of the literature, contextualised by expert clinical opinion. These guidelines develop a …

Reasons for performing study: To investigate the antinociceptive effects of buprenorphine
administered in combination with acepromazine in horses and to establish an effective dose …

Many drugs and non-drug modalities are used to manage pain in horses, but evidence
regarding efficacy and safety remains limited. This manuscript will first briefly review tried …

The conscious experience of pain defies precise anatomic, physiologic, and/or
pharmacologic definition; furthermore, it can be experienced even in the absence of obvious …

Reasons for performing study Bronchospasm results in airway obstruction in horses with
heaves. Atropine is the most potent bronchodilator drug currently available for horses, but is …

Visceral pain can be defined as pain originating in any internal organ and is often
subdivided to include the organs contained within each major body cavity, which are the …