OBJECTIVES: We sought to update our 2015 work in the Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury
Consensus Conference (PALICC-2) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of …

Oxygen therapy can be delivered using low-flow, intermediate-flow (air entrainment mask),
or high-flow devices. Low/intermediate-flow oxygen devices have several drawbacks that …

Background High-flow oxygen therapy through a nasal cannula has been increasingly used
in infants with bronchiolitis, despite limited high-quality evidence of its efficacy. The efficacy …

Importance High-flow conditioned oxygen therapy delivered through nasal cannulae and
noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) may reduce the need for reintubation. Among the …

Importance Studies of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients that combine populations
that are at high and low risk for reintubation suggest that conditioned high-flow nasal …

Importance Noninvasive ventilation delivered as bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) is
often used to avoid reintubation and improve outcomes of patients with hypoxemia after …

Rationale: Oxygen is commonly administered after extubation. Although several devices are
available, data about their clinical efficacy are scarce. Objectives: To compare the effects of …

Purpose Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is currently the gold standard
for respiratory support for moderate to severe acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB). Although …

Purpose Limited data exist on the correlation between higher flow rates of high-flow nasal
cannula (HFNC) and its physiologic effects in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory …

Recent studies showed that nasal high flow (NHF) with or without supplemental oxygen can
assist ventilation of patients with chronic respiratory and sleep disorders. The hypothesis of …