The urgent need to address the high-cost issue of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell
(PEMFC) technologies, particularly for transportation applications, drives the development of …

The recent advances in electrocatalysis for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for proton
exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are thoroughly reviewed. This comprehensive …

Platinum group metal–free (PGM-free) metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts have emerged as a
promising alternative to their costly platinum (Pt)–based counterparts in polymer electrolyte …

We report a comprehensive analysis of the catalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)
reactivity of four of today's most active benchmark platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) …

As one of the substitute power sources with low environmental impact and high energy
density, direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) show great potentials in applications of portable …

Development and optimization of non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) electrocatalysts for
oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), consisting of transition metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N–C) …

The pressing necessity of a sustainable energy economy renders electrochemical energy
conversion technologies, such as polymer electrolyte fuel cells or metal–air batteries, of …

With the rapid increase of energy demand in people's daily life and the depletion of fossil
fuel reserves, research on new environment-friendly energy sources and their practical …

A major hurdle to the widespread commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel
cells (PEMFCs) is the high loading of noble metal (Pt/Pt-alloy) catalyst at the cathode, which …