Physical punishment is increasingly viewed as a form of violence that harms children. This
narrative review summarises the findings of 69 prospective longitudinal studies to inform …

Social scientists continue to debate the impact of spanking and corporal punishment (CP) on
negative child outcomes including externalizing and internalizing behavior problems and …

By the 1990s, it was recognized that the method by which causality is typically shown in
scientific studies—the randomized control trial—had limited application for studying the …

The question of whether physical punishment is helpful or harmful to the development of
children has been subject to hundreds of research studies over the past several decades …

The use of corporal punishment to discipline children remains one of the last holdouts of old-
fashioned childrearing in the United States. Gone are the days of administering cod-liver oil …

This chapter begins with a historical overview of theoretical perspectives and research on
parenting or childrearing, then moves to a discussion of five issues central for the …

This meta-analysis investigates differences between the effect sizes of physical punishment
and alternative disciplinary tactics for child outcomes in 26 qualifying studies. Analyzing …

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to examine the association between the use of corporal
punishment (CP) against 3-year-old children and subsequent aggressive behavior among …

Although support for corporal punishment of children remains widespread in the United
States, there is a substantial body of research from psychology and its allied disciplines …

This research examined the overtime reciprocal relations between maternal and paternal
harsh discipline and children's externalizing behavior. Seven hundred two father–mother …