Cognitive functions refer to the set of brain-based skills to execute tasks of various difficulty
levels. As people spend substantial time indoors, the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) …

This review builds on prior reviews by synthesizing thirty studies that examined the effects of
background music (BM) on learning from 2008 to 2018. Each study was coded based on key …

The effect of background music (BGM) on cognitive task performance is a popular topic.
However, the evidence is not converging: experimental studies show mixed results …

The goal of this review is to provide a high-level, selected overview of the consequences of
background noise on health, perception, cognition, and learning during early development …

Although emotion research and positive psychology (PP) have recently gained strong
momentum in the field of second language acquisition (SLA), theoretical models linking …

Background music refers to any music played while the listener is performing another
activity. Most studies on this effect have been conducted on young adults, while little …

Music is a complex phenomenon with multiple brain areas and neural connections being
implicated. Centuries ago, music was discovered as an efficient modality for psychological …

A long-standing debate in cognitive neurosciences concerns the effect of music on verbal
learning and memory. Research in this field has largely provided conflicting results in both …

Research on the effect of background music (BgM) on cognitive task performance is marked
by inconsistent methods and inconclusive findings. In order to provide clarity to this area, we …

Several neuroimaging studies of cognitive aging revealed deficits in episodic memory
abilities as a result of prefrontal cortex (PFC) limitations. Improving episodic memory …