The discovery and control of new phases of matter is a central endeavour in materials
research. The emergence of atomically thin 2D materials, such as transition-metal …

As the first in a large family of 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials, graphene has attracted
enormous attention owing to its remarkable properties. The recent development of simple …

Achieving electrostatic control of quantum phases is at the frontier of condensed matter
research. Recent investigations have revealed superconductivity tunable by electrostatic …

The electrical Hall effect is the production, upon the application of an electric field, of a
transverse voltage under an out-of-plane magnetic field. Studies of the Hall effect have led to …

Two-dimensional (2D) material research is rapidly evolving to broaden the spectrum of
emergent 2D systems. Here, we review recent advances in the theory, synthesis …

The Hall effect occurs only in systems with broken time-reversal symmetry, such as materials
under an external magnetic field in the ordinary Hall effect and magnetic materials in the …

Metastable 1T′-phase transition metal dichalcogenides (1T′-TMDs) with semi-metallic
natures have attracted increasing interest owing to their uniquely distorted structures and …

Control over charge carrier density provides an efficient way to trigger phase transitions and
modulate the optoelectronic properties of materials. This approach can also be used to …

We present evidence that the two-dimensional bulk of monolayer WTe2 contains electrons
and holes bound by Coulomb attraction—excitons—that spontaneously form in thermal …

Topological superconductors are an essential component for topologically protected
quantum computation and information processing. Although signatures of topological …