Ischemic stroke is caused primarily by an interruption in cerebral blood flow, which induces
severe neural injuries, and is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide …

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was initially recognized as a factor that causes the
necrosis of tumors, but it has been recently identified to have additional important functions …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic systemic
inflammation causing progressive joint damage that can lead to lifelong disability. The …

Inflammatory responses arise as an outcome of tissues or organs exposure towards harmful
stimuli like injury, toxic chemicals or pathogenic microorganism. It is a complex cascade of …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a predominant life‐threatening cancer, with liver and peritoneal
metastases as the primary causes of death. Intestinal inflammation, a known CRC risk factor …

Osteoarthritis (OA), one of the most common joint diseases, is characterized by fibrosis,
rhagadia, ulcers and attrition of articular cartilage due to a number of factors. The etiology of …

Since its discovery in 1975, TNFα has been a subject of intense study as it plays significant
roles in both immunity and cancer. Such attention is well deserved as TNFα is unique in its …

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF; TNFα) is a critical regulator of immune responses in
healthy organisms and in disease. TNF is involved in the development and proper …

Inflammation is currently considered a prime target for the development of new stroke
therapies. In the acute phase of ischemic stroke, microglia are activated and then circulating …

The master pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), has been shown to
modulate multiple signalling pathways, with wide-ranging downstream effects. TNF plays a …