Cell death was once believed to be the result of one of two distinct processes, apoptosis
(also known as programmed cell death) or necrosis (uncontrolled cell death); in recent …

Hypertension is associated with immune cells activation and their migration into the kidney,
vasculature, heart and brain. These inflammatory mechanisms are critical for blood pressure …

Diagnostic criteria for mood disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD) largely
ignore biological factors in favor of behavioral symptoms. Compounding this paucity of …

Women have a higher incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases than men, and
85% or more patients of multiple autoimmune diseases are female. Women undergo …

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) is the first discovered and most extensively
studied CC chemokine, and the amount of studies on its role in the etiologies of obesity-and …

Abstract IL-6−/− mice showed impaired leukocyte accumulation in subcutaneous air
pouches. Defective leukocyte accumulation was not due to a reduced migratory capacity of …

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on interleukin-8 (IL-8) and related chemotactic
cytokines—namely, CXC and CC chemokines. IL-8 is the best known member of a new …

The recent insight that inflammation contributes to the development of atherosclerosis and
type 2 diabetes mellitus constitutes a major breakthrough in understanding the mechanisms …

The P2X 7 purinoceptor is a ligand-gated cation channel, expressed predominantly by cells
of immune origin, with a unique phenotype which includes release of biologically active …

Monocytes appear to be central to atherogenesis both as the progenitors of foam cells and
as a potential source of growth factors mediating intimal hyperplasia, but the chemical …