Abstract 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) is a synthetic hormone, which is a derivative of the
natural hormone, estradiol (E2). EE2 is an orally bio-active estrogen, and is one of the most …

During the last decade, a number of studies have shown that, in addition to their classically
described reproductive function, estrogens and androgens also regulate the immune system …

Abstract Purpose The Todos os Santos Bay is the largest bay in Brazil and receives
drainage from various watersheds. For more than 450 years, it was the main destination for …

Abstract Tris (1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) is an organophosphate flame
retardant that is detectable in the environment and biota, prompting concern over its risk to …

Elucidating the mechanisms of estrogens-induced immunomodulation in teleost fish is of
great importance due to the observed worldwide continuing decrease in pristine …

Research in environmental toxicology involving pharmaceuticals and personal care
products (PPCPs) has increased greatly over the last 10–15 years. Much research has been …

Steroid sex hormones play an important role in the sexual differentiation of fish. Thus, it is
not surprising that chemical contaminants with steroid-like activities were considered as …

It is not feasible to conduct toxicity tests with all species that may be impacted by chemical
exposures. Therefore, cross-species extrapolation is fundamental to environmental risk …

Previous studies showed that the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) affect reproductive
physiology in teleosts. How the EDCs regulate gonadal steroidogenesis remains to be …

There is increasing public attention concerning the effect of endocrine disruptor chemicals
(EDCs) on the immune system. One important group belonging to EDCs are the …