Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are heterogeneous, possess self-renewal attributes, and
orchestrate important crosstalk in tumors. We propose that the CSC state represents" …

Metastasis accounts for 90% of breast cancer mortality. Despite the significant progress
made over the past decade in cancer medicine our understanding of metastasis remains …

Epithelial cells repress epithelial characteristics and elaborate mesenchymal characteristics
to migrate to other locations and acquire new properties. Epithelial plasticity responses are …

Phenotypic plasticity associated with the hybrid epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is
crucial to metastatic seeding and outgrowth. However, the mechanisms governing the hybrid …

The existence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is a major reason underlying cancer
metastasis and recurrence after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Targeting BCSCs may …

Tumor immunity represents a new avenue for cancer therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors
have successfully improved outcomes in several tumor types. In addition, currently, immune …

Metastasis is an inefficient process, especially during colonization at a distant organ. This
bottleneck underlies the importance of the metastatic niche for seeding and outgrowth of …

The cancer stem cell (CSC) concept stands for undifferentiated tumor cells with the ability to
initiate heterogeneous tumors. It is also relevant in metastasis and can explain how …

Interferons (IFNs) are pleiotropic cytokines critical for regulation of epithelial cell functions
and for immune system regulation. In cancer, IFNs contribute to tumor-intrinsic and-extrinsic …

Ligand-dependent corepressor (LCOR) mediates normal and malignant breast stem cell
differentiation. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) generate phenotypic heterogeneity and drive …