Chronic activation of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) promotes and
perpetuates the syndromes of congestive heart failure, systemic hypertension, and chronic …

Glomerular podocytes are highly specialized cells with a complex cytoarchitecture. Their
most prominent features are interdigitated foot processes with filtration slits in between …

In patients with renal diseases characterized by proteinuria, the initial insult to the kidney is
usually followed by a progressive decline in the glomerular filtration rate. This decline has …

First published August 9, 2001; 10.1152/ajprenal. 00050.2001.—Acute episodes of severe
renal ischemia result in acute renal failure (ARF). These episodes are followed by a …

Inflammation, a process intimately linked to renal disease, can be defined as a complex
network of interactions between renal parenchymal cells and resident immune cells, such as …

The tubulointerstitium in progressive diabetic kidney disease: More than an aftermath of
glomerular injury? Although the glomerulus, particularly the mesangium, has been the focus …

Angiotensin (Ang) II, the main peptide of the renin angiotensin system (RAS), is a renal
growth factor, inducing hyperplasia/hypertrophy depending on the cell type. This vasoactive …

Progression of fibrosis involves interstitial hypercellularity, matrix accumulation, and atrophy
of epithelial structures, resulting in loss of normal function and ultimately organ failure. There …

Heart failure and hypertension have each been linked to an induction of oxidative stress
transduced by neurohormones, such as angiotensin II and catecholamines. Herein, we …

Heart failure is a major health problem worldwide. In the United States, it represents the
number one hospital discharge diagnosis among elderly persons each year. It appears most …