Vegetation composition shifts, and in particular, shrub expansion across the Arctic tundra
are some of the most important and widely observed responses of high-latitude ecosystems …

BACKGROUND The success of human societies depends intimately on the living
components of natural and managed systems. Although the geographical range limits of …

There is mounting evidence of species redistribution as climate warms. Yet, our knowledge
of the coupling between species range shifts and isotherm shifts remains limited. Here, we …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

Arctic warming can influence tundra ecosystem function with consequences for climate
feedbacks, wildlife and human communities. Yet ecological change across the Arctic tundra …

As Earth's climate rapidly changes, species range shifts are considered key to species
persistence. However, some range-shifting species will alter community structure and …

Aim Biomes worldwide are shifting with global change. Biomes whose extents are limited by
temperature or precipitation, such as the tundra and savanna, may be particularly strongly …

The increasing effects of climate and global change oblige ecosystem-based management
to adapt forestry practices to deal with uncertainties. Here we provide an overview to identify …

The boreal forest is a vast biome encompassing approximately one-third (30%) of the
world's forest area. It harbors about half of the world's remaining natural and near-natural …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …