In the human body, almost all cells interact with extracellular matrices (ECMs), which have
tissue and organ-specific compositions and architectures. These ECMs not only function as …

Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) aims at repairing defective skeletal muscles.
Until now, numerous developments are made in SMTE; however, it is still challenging to …

Improving the effectiveness of preclinical predictions of human drug responses is critical to
reducing costly failures in clinical trials. Recent advances in cell biology, microfabrication …

The inadequacy of animal models in correctly predicting drug and biothreat agent toxicity in
humans has resulted in a pressing need for in vitro models that can recreate the in vivo …

Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymer‐based materials with high water content and physical
characteristics that resemble the native extracellular matrix. Because of their remarkable …

The liver is the largest internal organ of the body with complex microarchitecture and
function that plays critical roles in drug metabolism. Hepatotoxicity and drug-induced liver …

Through manipulating fluids using microfabricated channeland chamber structures,
microfluidics is a powerful tool to realize high sensitive, high speed, high throughput, and …

In the tissue engineering (TE) paradigm, engineering and life sciences tools are combined
to develop bioartificial substitutes for organs and tissues, which can in turn be applied in …

Abstract'Organs-on-chips' are microengineered biomimetic systems containing microfluidic
channels lined by living human cells, which replicate key functional units of living organs to …

The goal of tissue engineering is to mitigate the critical shortage of donor organs via in vitro
fabrication of functional biological structures. Tissue engineering is one of the most …