Abstract The Miocene epoch (23.03–5.33 Ma) was a time interval of global warmth, relative
to today. Continental configurations and mountain topography transitioned toward modern …

The formation of the Isthmus of Panama stands as one of the greatest natural events of the
Cenozoic, driving profound biotic transformations on land and in the oceans. Some recent …

Seahorses have a circum-global distribution in tropical to temperate coastal waters. Yet,
seahorses show many adaptations for a sedentary, cryptic lifestyle: they require specific …

The American tropics (the Neotropics) are the most species-rich realm on Earth, and for
centuries, scientists have attempted to understand the origins and evolution of their …

A phylogenetic analysis of sequences from 503 species of hylid frogs and four outgroup taxa
resulted in 16,128 aligned sites of 19 genes. The molecular data were subjected to a …

The linking of North and South America by the Isthmus of Panama had major impacts on
global climate, oceanic and atmospheric currents, and biodiversity, yet the timing of this …

Integration of regional stratigraphic relationships with data on sediment accumulation,
provenance, paleodrainage, and deformation timing enables a reconstruction of Mesozoic …

An integration of diverse strain markers into a palinspastic reconstruction of the northern
Andes provides a first-order quantitative approximation to the response of a complex margin …

Xenarthra (armadillos, sloths, and anteaters) constitutes one of the four major clades of
placental mammals. Despite their phylogenetic distinctiveness in mammals, a reference …

The mid-Piacenzian is known as a period of relative warmth when compared to the present
day. A comprehensive understanding of conditions during the Piacenzian serves as both a …