Abstract The Endocrine Society's first Scientific Statement in 2009 provided a wake-up call to
the scientific community about how environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) …

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review exposure assessment issues that need to be
addressed in designing and interpreting epidemiology studies of phthalates, a class of …

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) affects 10–15% of all pregnancies worldwide. IUGR
may result from maternal, placental or fetal origin. Maternal malnutrition before and during …

Importance Phthalate exposure is widespread among pregnant women and may be a risk
factor for preterm birth. Objective To investigate the prospective association between urinary …

Adverse birth outcomes such as preterm birth, low-birth weight, and infant mortality continue
to disproportionately affect black and poor infants in the United States. Improvements in …

Several epidemiological studies suggest fetal and childhood exposure to some phthalates
may perturb normal development, with several studies consistently reporting increased risk …

Importance Preterm birth is a leading cause of neonatal mortality, with a variety of
contributing causes and risk factors. Environmental exposures represent a group of …

Exposure to exogenous chemicals can affect endocrine function at multiple sites and
through numerous specific modes of action, which may have far-reaching effects on human …

Phthalate diesters, widely used in flexible plastics and consumer products, have become
prevalent contaminants in the environment. Human exposure is ubiquitous and higher …

BACKGROUND: Phthalate and phenol exposure is prevalent among the general population
and of potential concern for pregnant women and children because of their suspected …