The purpose of this paper is to review the kinematics and dynamics of the vestibulo-ocular
reflex (VOR) in three dimensions. We give a brief, didactic tutorial on vectors and matrices …

Internal models are a key feature of most modern theories of motor control. Yet, it has been
challenging to localize internal models in the brain, or to demonstrate that they are more …

The recording of three-dimensional eye position has become the accepted standard in
oculomotor research. In this paper we review the mathematics underlying the representation …

PURPOSE: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows that the paths of recti extraocular
muscle (EOM) bellies remain fixed in the orbit during large ocular rotations and across large …

Acute unilateral vestibulopathy, or vestibular neuritis, is the second most common cause of
vertigo. To quantify the involvement of the different semicircular canal (SCC) afferents in this …

Donders' law, as applied to the arm, predicts that to every location of the hand in space there
corresponds a unique posture of the arm as defined by shoulder and elbow angles. This …

According to Einstein's equivalence principle, inertial accelerations during translational
motion are physically indistinguishable from gravitational accelerations experienced during …

We studied the human vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in response to head'impulses': brief,
unpredictable, passive, high-acceleration (up to 4000 degrees/s2), low-amplitude (20-30 …

The neural integrator, which converts eye velocity signals into position signals, is central to
oculomotor theory. Similar integrators are probably necessary in any neural system that …

Raphan, Theodore. Modeling control of eye orientation in three dimensions. I. Role of
muscle pulleys in determining saccadic trajectory. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2653–2667, 1998 …