Heterochromatin plays a fundamental role in gene regulation, genome integrity, and
silencing of repetitive DNA elements. Histone modifications are essential for the …

Over the last decade, it has been increasingly demonstrated that the genomes of many
species are pervasively transcribed, resulting in the production of numerous long noncoding …

Recent advances in sequencing techniques that measure nascent transcripts and that
reveal the positioning of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) have shown that the pausing of Pol II in …

Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia 2 (AOA-2) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS4) are
neurological disorders caused by mutations in the gene encoding for senataxin (SETX), a …

The RNA exosome complex is the most versatile RNA-degradation machine in eukaryotes.
The exosome has a central role in several aspects of RNA biogenesis, including RNA …

Much of the mammalian genome is transcribed, generating long non-coding RNAs
(lncRNAs) that can undergo post-transcriptional surveillance whereby only a subset of the …

Transcription termination occurs when the polymerase is released after a transcription event,
thus delimitating transcription units; however, the functional importance of termination …

The XRN family of 5′→ 3′ exoribonucleases is critical for ensuring the fidelity of cellular
RNA turnover in eukaryotes. Highly conserved across species, the family is typically …

Elongation is becoming increasingly recognized as a critical step in eukaryotic
transcriptional regulation. Although traditional genetic and biochemical studies have …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that play important roles in the regulation of gene
expression. First described as posttranscriptional gene regulators in eukaryotic hosts, virus …