Two decades ago successful transfection of antigen presenting cells (APC) in vivo was
demonstrated which resulted in the induction of primary adaptive immune responses. Due to …

Immune signalling pathways convert pathogenic stimuli into cytosolic events that lead to the
resolution of infection. Upon ligand engagement, immune receptors together with their …

The mechanisms by which a T cell detects antigen using its T cell antigen receptor (TCR)
are crucial to our understanding of immunity and the harnessing of T cells therapeutically. A …

Adoptive cell therapy using engineered T cell receptors (TCRs) is a promising approach for
targeting cancer antigens, but tumor-reactive TCRs are often weakly responsive to their …

Nanosized artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) with efficient signal presentation hold
great promise for in vivo adoptive cell therapy. Here, we used DNA origami nanostructures …

The immune response is orchestrated by a variety of immune cells. The function of each cell
is determined by the collective signals from various immunoreceptors, whose expression …

T cells are critical in orchestrating protective immune responses to cancer and an array of
pathogens. The interaction between a peptide MHC (pMHC) complex on antigen presenting …

Cell–cell interfaces are found throughout multicellular organisms, from transient interactions
between motile immune cells to long-lived cell–cell contacts in epithelia. Studies of immune …

Despite the clinical success of blocking its interactions, how PD-1 inhibits T-cell activation is
incompletely understood, as exemplified by its potency far exceeding what might be …

T cells use their T‐cell receptors (TCRs) to discriminate between lower‐affinity self and
higher‐affinity foreign peptide major‐histocompatibility‐complexes (pMHCs) based on the …