Whole blood, as one of the most significant biological fluids, provides critical information for
health management and disease monitoring. Over the past 10 years, advances in …

Proteins are nature's primary building blocks for the construction of sophisticated molecular
machines and dynamic materials, ranging from protein complexes such as photosystem II …

After conquering the atomic structure about a century ago, chemists have been largely
interested in understanding the concept of chemical bond and the formation of a molecule …

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate the majority of cellular responses to external
stimuli. Upon activation by a ligand, the receptor binds to a partner heterotrimeric G protein …

Allostery is the process by which biological macromolecules (mostly proteins) transmit the
effect of binding at one site to another, often distal, functional site, allowing for regulation of …

Proteins are dynamic entities that undergo a plethora of conformational changes that may
take place on a wide range of time scales. These changes can be as small as the rotation of …

The functions of many proteins are regulated through allostery, whereby effector binding at a
distal site changes the functional activity (eg, substrate binding affinity or catalytic efficiency) …

Four major receptor families enable cells to respond to chemical and physical signals from
their proximal environment. The ligand-and voltage-gated ion channels, G-protein-coupled …

All soluble proteins populate conformational ensembles that together constitute the native
state. Their fluctuations in water are intrinsic thermodynamic phenomena, and the …

A great deal of experimental evidence suggests that ligands can stabilize different receptor
active states that go on to interact with cellular signaling proteins to form a range of different …