Protein engineering is an emerging field in biotechnology that has the potential to
revolutionize various areas, such as antibody design, drug discovery, food security, ecology …

Directed evolution has emerged as a powerful strategy to engineer various properties of
proteins. Traditional methods to construct libraries such as error-prone PCR and DNA …

Deep-learning language models have shown promise in various biotechnological
applications, including protein design and engineering. Here we describe ProGen, a …

Advances in DNA sequencing and machine learning are providing insights into protein
sequences and structures on an enormous scale. However, the energetics driving folding …

Eukaryotic cells can undergo different forms of programmed cell death, many of which
culminate in plasma membrane rupture as the defining terminal event,,,,,–. Plasma …

Designing protein sequences towards desired properties is a fundamental goal of protein
engineering, with applications in drug discovery and enzymatic engineering. Machine …

The ability for viruses to mutate and evade the human immune system and cause infection,
called viral escape, remains an obstacle to antiviral and vaccine development …

The effective design of combinatorial libraries to balance fitness and diversity facilitates the
engineering of useful enzyme functions, particularly those that are poorly characterized or …

Directed evolution of proteins often involves a greedy optimization in which the mutation in
the highest-fitness variant identified in each round of single-site mutagenesis is fixed. The …

Dynein-decorated doublet microtubules (DMTs) are critical components of the oscillatory
molecular machine of cilia, the axoneme, and have luminal surfaces patterned periodically …