There are mounting claims that increasing ideological polarization is resha** democratic
party systems with important effects on the functioning of electoral politics, the correlates of …

Several countries have voted reforms in order to reduce the number of national
representatives and many others have debated about that possibility. There is, however, no …

What explains political polarization across develo** democracies? In contrast to extant
studies, this article develops a novel argument that links electoral (in) stability at the party …

By utilizing unique data capturing candidates' ideological positions in Finnish municipal
elections and leveraging exogenous changes in council size at different population …

Electoral rules play an important role in determining citizen-elite ideological congruence.
This is because they influence each stage of the representation process as one moves from …

Conventional wisdom suggests that parties in candidate-centered electoral systems should
be associated with less cohesive policy preferences among legislators. We model the …

World democracies widely differ in legislative, executive, and legal institutions. Different
institutional environments induce different map**s from electoral outcomes to the …

Polarization is a key characteristic of party systems, but scholars disagree about how
polarization relates to the number of parties in a system. Different authors find positive …

What explains party polarization in multiparty systems? This study turns the spotlight to
intraparty mechanisms, namely, the authorities and influence of party activists over the …

When judging how 'fair'voting rules are, a fundamental criterion used by both scholars and
politicians is their ability or inability to produce proportional results–that is, the extent parties' …