As the crucial powerhouse for cell metabolism and tissue survival, the mitochondrion
frequently undergoes morphological or positional changes when responding to various …

Mechanobiology studies the mechanisms by which cells sense and respond to physical
forces, and the role of these forces in sha** cells and tissues themselves …

The physical continuity of axons over long cellular distances poses challenges for their
maintenance. One organelle that faces this challenge is endoplasmic reticulum (ER); unlike …

Cells are the smallest building blocks of all living eukaryotic organisms, usually ranging from
a couple of micrometers (for example, platelets) to hundreds of micrometers (for example …

Microtubule and actin are the two major cytoskeletal polymers that form organized functional
structures in the interior of eukaryotic cells. Although the structural mechanics of the …

Large cells often rely on cytoplasmic flows for intracellular transport, maintaining
homeostasis, and positioning cellular components. Understanding the mechanisms of these …

Beginning with Turing's seminal work [1], decades of research have demonstrated the
fundamental ability of biochemical networks to generate and sustain the formation of …

Neurons are highly polarized cells with elaborate shapes that allow them to perform their
function. In neurons, microtubule organization—length, density, and dynamics—are …

In the cellular phenomena of cytoplasmic streaming, molecular motors carrying cargo along
a network of microtubules entrain the surrounding fluid. The piconewton forces produced by …

Cytoplasm is a gel-like crowded environment composed of various macromolecules,
organelles, cytoskeletal networks, and cytosol. The structure of the cytoplasm is highly …