The prefrontal cortex is so important to human beings that, if deprived of it, our behaviour is
reduced to action-reactions and automatisms, with no ability to make deliberate decisions …

Evolutionary changes in human brain structure and function have enabled our specialized
cognitive abilities. How these changes have come about genetically and functionally has …

All human societies are permeated by collectively shared entities that govern daily social
interactions and promote coordination and cooperation: norms. While the study of norm …

Episodic memory, remembering past experiences based on unique what–where–when
components, declines during ageing in humans, as does episodic-like memory in non …

Making inferences from behaviour to cognition is problematic due to a many-to-one map**
problem, in which any one behaviour can be generated by multiple possible cognitive …

Episodic-like memory in non-human animals represents the behavioral characteristics of
human episodic memory—the ability to mentally travel backward in time to" re-live" past …

Statistical inference, the ability to use limited information to draw conclusions about the
likelihood of an event, is critical for decision-making during uncertainty. The ability to make …

Planning is a type of problem solving in which a course of future action is devised via mental
computation. Potential advantages of planning for tool use include reduced effort to gather …

We discuss recent findings suggesting that non-human animals lack memory for stimulus
sequences, and therefore do not represent the order of stimuli faithfully. These observations …

How do large and unique brains evolve? Historically, comparative neuroanatomical studies
have attributed the evolutionary genesis of highly encephalized brains to deviations along …