Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected
cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and …

Optogenetics ushered in a revolution in how neuroscientists interrogate brain function.
Because of technical limitations, the majority of optogenetic studies have used low spatial …

Learning has been associated with modifications of synaptic and circuit properties, but the
precise changes storing information in mammals have remained largely unclear. We …

Spontaneous synchronous activity is a hallmark of develo** brain circuits and promotes
their formation. Ex vivo, synchronous activity was shown to be orchestrated by a sparse …

Recent progress in fluorescence imaging allows neuroscientists to observe the dynamics of
thousands of individual neurons, identified genetically or by their connectivity, across …

ChRmine, a recently discovered pump-like cation-conducting channelrhodopsin, exhibits
puzzling properties (large photocurrents, red-shifted spectrum, and extreme light sensitivity) …

Recurrent cortical activity sculpts visual perception by refining, amplifying or suppressing
visual input. However, the rules that govern the influence of recurrent activity remain …

Recent advances combining two-photon calcium imaging and two-photon optogenetics with
computer-generated holography now allow us to read and write the activity of large …

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is an evolutionarily conserved brain region, well known for
valence processing. Despite this central role, the relationship between activity of BLA …

The use of optogenetic stimulation to evoke neuronal activity in targeted neural populations—
enabled by opsins with fast kinetics, high sensitivity and cell-type and subcellular specificity …