Distractors in tests are included to divert attention away from correct answers choices.
Knowing what types of distractors commonly appear in tests will benefit test takers as they …

With the rapid development of technology, multimedia comes into English classes and
positively improves learners' language proficiency. The present study attempted to consider …

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between listening assessment task types,
time on task, and the use of listening strategy by Iranian EFL learners. For this purpose, a …

The current study was conducted to examine Iranian EFL students' listening comprehension
and writing performance after receiving auditory and audiovisual input. With a quasi …

Despite the increased research on various aspects of academic optimism (AO) in general
education, this line of inquiry has not received adequate empirical attention in English …

Working memory is believed to interact with a second language (L2) learning at the
cognitive level. The present study sought to explore the impact of L2 readers' prior …

Grammar is one of the keys to learning a language and is not easy to do. Meanwhile, factors
that influence English Learning do not only come from the teacher, but also from the …

The significance of cognitive processes in language learning, such as the mental processes
learners bring to task learning, has been accepted by psycholinguistics and linguistics …

Despite a great number of studies exploring Schmidt's noticing hypothesis in the cognitive
perspective of language learning, the investigations focused on noticing in the ecological …