This article addresses the fundamental difference between coal rank and coal type. While
theoretically settled long ago as being different aspects of coal systems science, the two …

The late Paleozoic icehouse was the longest-lived ice age of the Phanerozoic, and its
demise constitutes the only recorded turnover to a greenhouse state. This review …

The late Paleozoic ice age (LPIA) consists of multiple glaciations that waxed and waned
across Gondwana during the Carboniferous and Permian. Three key intervals are evaluated …

Geologists and palaeontologists have expressed mixed views about the effects of the end-
Permian mass extinction on continental habitats and on terrestrial life. Current work …

Abrupt collapse of the tropical rainforest biome (Coal Forests) drove rapid diversification of
Carboniferous tetrapods (amphibians and reptiles) in Euramerica. This finding is based on …

Fishes include more than half of all living animals with backbones, but large‐scale
palaeobiological patterns in this assemblage have not received the same attention as those …

Premise of research. The Late Paleozoic Ice Age was the last extensive pre-Pleistocene ice
age. It includes many climate changes of different intensities, permitting examination of …

Abstract The Late Paleozoic (Early Devonian to Middle Permian) was an interval of profound
changes in Earth-surface systems, reflected in dynamic interplay among the biosphere …

The degree to which Permo-Carboniferous cyclothemic successions archive evidence for
long-term variations in ice volume during the Late Paleozoic Ice Age is insufficiently …

We evaluate the influences of elevation and climate on the spatio-temporal distribution of
wetland and dryland biomes during the Pennsylvanian and early Permian in tropical …