Key message Adaptation of forest management to climate change requires an
understanding of the effects of climate on forests, industries and communities; prediction of …

Evolutionary responses are required for tree populations to be able to track climate change.
Results of 250 years of common garden experiments show that most forest trees have …

The topics assessed in this chapter were last assessed by the IPCC in 2007, principally in
WGII AR4 Chapters 3 (Kundzewicz et al., 2007) and 4 (Fischlin et al., 2007), but also in WGII …

Evolutionary adaptation can be rapid and potentially help species counter stressful
conditions or realize ecological opportunities arising from climate change. The challenges …

Recognition of the importance of intraspecific variation in ecological processes has been
growing, but empirical studies and models of global change have only begun to address this …

We urgently need to predict species responses to climate change to minimize future
biodiversity loss and ensure we do not waste limited resources on ineffective conservation …

An increasing number of short‐term experimental studies show significant effects of
projected ocean warming and ocean acidification on the performance on marine organisms …

Ecology Letters (2012) 15: 378–392 Abstract Forest trees are the dominant species in many
parts of the world and predicting how they might respond to climate change is a vital global …

The rapid rate of current global climate change is having strong effects on many species
and, at least in some cases, is driving evolution, particularly when changes in conditions …

Increasing temperatures and drought risks through climate change are expected to have
several consequences for European forests. Adaptive strategies may include:(i) persistence …