Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are a major cell type present at all stages of an
atherosclerotic plaque. According to the 'response to injury'and 'vulnerable …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling that can
subsequently culminate in right heart failure and premature death. Emerging evidence …

Background Morbidity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remain high.
Activation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor, and …

Objective The phenotypic plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is central to
vessel growth and remodeling, but also contributes to cardiovascular pathologies. New …

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. During the development
of cardiovascular diseases, hypoxia plays a crucial role. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are …

The pulmonary circulation is a low-resistance, low-pressure, and high-compliance system
that allows the lungs to receive the entire cardiac output. Pulmonary arterial pressure is a …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular remodeling disease of cardiopulmonary
units. No cure is currently available due to an incomplete understanding of vascular …

Background Signalling through platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), colony-
stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) and mast/stem cell growth factor receptor kit (c-KIT) …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disease with high morbidity and mortality.
Current therapies are mainly focused on vasodilative agents to improve prognosis …

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with increased expression of VEGF-
A (vascular endothelial growth factor A) and its receptor, VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial …