Over the past century, early advances in understanding the identity of the chemicals that
collectively form a living plant have led scientists to deeper investigations exploring where …

Contents Summary 1703 I. Introduction 1703 II. Cellulose biosynthesis 1705 III. Xylan
biosynthesis 1709 IV. Glucomannan biosynthesis 1713 V. Lignin biosynthesis 1714 VI …

Background Lignin is a polyphenolic polymer that strengthens and waterproofs the cell wall
of specialized plant cell types. Lignification is part of the normal differentiation programme …

Lignin is a major component of secondarily thickened plant cell walls and is considered to
be the second most abundant biopolymer on the planet. At one point believed to be the …

Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants engenders a vast variety of aromatic metabolites
critically important for their growth, development, and environmental adaptation. Some of …

L-Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is the first enzyme in the biosynthesis of
phenylpropanoid-derived plant compounds such as flavonoids, coumarins and the cell wall …

Metabolons are transient multi-protein complexes of sequential enzymes that mediate
substrate channeling. They differ from multi-enzyme complexes in that they are dynamic …

Plants precisely control lignin deposition in spiral or annular secondary cell wall domains
during protoxylem tracheary element (TE) development. Because protoxylem TE s function …

The biosynthesis of lignin, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamoyl esters share the first three
enzymatic steps of the phenylpropanoid pathway. The last shared step is catalyzed by 4 …

Gene duplication is an important mechanism for adding to genomic novelty. Hence, which
genes undergo duplication and are preserved following duplication is an important question …