The TGF‑β/Smad signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the onset of glomerular and
tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present review delves into the …

Protein modification by ubiquitination plays a key evolutionarily conserved role in regulating
membrane proteins. Nedd4-2, a ubiquitin ligase, targets membrane proteins such as ion …

Various factors play key roles in maintaining intestine homeostasis. Disruption of the
balance may lead to intestinal inflammatory diseases (IBDs) and even colorectal cancer …

Aldosterone exerts profound effects on renal and cardiovascular physiology. In the kidney,
aldosterone acts to preserve electrolyte and acid-base balance in response to changes in …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major diabetic complication and global health concern,
occurring in nearly 30% to 40% of people with diabetes. Importantly, several therapeutic …

Cancer is a deadly disease worldwide, with an anticipated 19.3 million new cases and 10.0
million deaths occurring in 2020 according to GLOBOCAN 2020. It is well established that …

The ubiquitin pathway regulates the function of many proteins and controls cellular protein
homeostasis. In recent years, it has attracted great interest in neurodevelopmental and …

Renal ion channel transport and electrolyte disturbances play an important role in the
process of functional impairment and fibrosis in the kidney. It is well known that there are …

Background Renal ischaemia‒reperfusion injury (IRI) is the primary cause of acute kidney
injury (AKI). To date, effective therapies for delaying renal IRI and postponing patient …

Abstract The Epithelial Na+ Channel, ENaC, comprised of 3 subunits (αβγ, or sometimes
δβγENaC), plays a critical role in regulating salt and fluid homeostasis in the body. It …