Abstract The standard Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model provides a good
description of a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological data. However, there are a …

A number of challenges to the standard Λ CDM model have been emerging during the past
few years as the accuracy of cosmological observations improves. In this review we discuss …

Teleparallel gravity (TG) has significantly increased in popularity in recent decades, bringing
attention to Einstein's other theory of gravity. In this Review, we give a comprehensive …

The Swampland program aims to distinguish effective theories which can be completed into
quantum gravity in the ultraviolet from those which cannot. This article forms an introduction …

Abstract The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has two scientific objectives of
cosmological focus: to probe the expansion rate of the universe, and to understand …

Axions comprise a broad class of particles that can play a major role in explaining the
unknown aspects of cosmology. They are also well-motivated within high energy physics …

We review applications of string theory to cosmology, from primordial times to the present-
day accelerated expansion. Starting with a brief overview of cosmology and string …

Over recent decades, cosmological simulations of galaxy formation have been instrumental
in advancing our understanding of structure and galaxy formation in the Universe. These …

Extended Theories of Gravity can be considered as a new paradigm to cure shortcomings of
General Relativity at infrared and ultraviolet scales. They are an approach that, by …

This paper presents cosmological results based on full-mission Planck observations of
temperature and polarization anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) …