Miniaturized droplets, characterized by well‐controlled microenvironments and capability for
parallel processing, have significantly advanced the studies on enzymatic evolution …

The basic unit of any biological system is the cell, and malfunctions at the single-cell level
can result in devastating diseases; in cancer metastasis, for example, a single cell seeds the …

At first glance, a nanoliter might seem rather small. But the chemistry of life takes place in a
volume of several picoliters (we call it a cell) that is further subdivided into femtoliters to …

The compartmentalization of reactions in femtoliter (fL) containers and integration of fL
containers into arrays not only enhances and accelerates chemical and biochemical …

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are indispensable markers for two-photon imaging of live tissue,
especially in the brains of small model organisms. The quantity of physiologically relevant …

The potential of single-enzyme studies to unravel the complex energy landscape of these
polymeric catalysts is the next critical step in enzymology. From its inception in Rotman's …

Confinement of molecules inside nanoscale pores has become an important method for
exploiting new dynamics not happening in bulk systems and for fabricating novel structures …

Rotational diffusion measurement is predicted as an important method in cell biology
because the rotational properties directly reflect molecular interactions and environment in …

A microfluidic device capable of exploiting the permeability of small molecules through
polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been fabricated in order to control the contents of …

Fluorescence‐based single‐molecule techniques have become widely used tools to reveal
dynamic processes of biomolecules and elucidate their molecular mechanisms. However …