The degree of compaction in the levee building materials is a crucial factor that affects the
pi** phenomena. The density and compaction of the soil strata determine the structural …

Early detection of subsurface distress is significant for condition assessment and
maintenance optimization, contributing to reduced maintenance costs and extended service …

Achieving high horizontal resolution is crucial for general non-destructive testing (NDT)
applications, and in the domain of ground penetrating radar (GPR), it can be more …

Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) is considered as a scalable approach for massive
storage and seasonal extraction of hydrogen (H 2). Although conventional leakage detection …

Seismic interpretation aims to extract quantitative and interpretable attributes from a seismic
image produced using some migration method to inform characteristics of a subsurface …

The dielectric permittivity is a crucial parameter in planetary ground penetrating radar (GPR)
missions such as the RIMFAX radar on the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover. It describes the …

Comprehending the properties of the Moon's crust and mantle materials is essential for
decoding its interior. Whether the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin potentially excavated the …

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) faces complex challenges in identifying underground rock
formations and lithological structures. The diversity, intricate shapes, and electromagnetic …

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a pivotal noninvasive tool that yields subsurface images
critical to archaeology, near-surface characterization, geotechnical studies, and disaster …

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a subsurface sensing technology extensively utilized in
various applications. However, the inhomogeneous distribution of the subsurface medium …