Taurine is a naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid that is found abundantly in
excitatory tissues, such as the heart, brain, retina and skeletal muscles. Taurine was first …

Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential nutrient that serves as a cofactor for a number of
enzymes, mostly with mitochondrial localization. Some thiamine-dependent enzymes are …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), characterized by both impaired communication and social
interaction, and by stereotypic behavior, affects about 1 in 68, predominantly males. The …

The neonate is exposed to the maternal vaginal microbiota during parturition, providing the
primary source for normal gut colonization, host immune maturation, and metabolism. These …

Despite increasing evidence of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of autism, most
studies have not evaluated biomarkers within specific brain regions, and the functional …

Here we discuss the role of diverse environmental manipulations affecting cognition with
special regard to psychiatric conditions. We present evidence supporting a direct causal …

Importance Increasing evidence suggests that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and many
forms of developmental delay (DD) originate during fetal development. Preeclampsia may …

Normal brain functioning relies on high aerobic energy production provided by
mitochondria. Failure to supply a sufficient amount of energy, seen in different brain …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental
disorders that are defined solely on the basis of behavioral observations. Therefore, ASD …