Enormous progress has been made in the last half-century in the management of diseases
closely integrated with excess body weight, such as hypertension, adult-onset diabetes and …

The prevalence of obesity has tripled over the past four decades, imposing an enormous
burden on people's health. Polygenic (or common) obesity and rare, severe, early-onset …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involve testing genetic variants across the
genomes of many individuals to identify genotype–phenotype associations. GWAS have …

The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide in the past~ 50 years, reaching
pandemic levels. Obesity represents a major health challenge because it substantially …

Leptin is a hormone primarily produced by the adipose tissue in proportion to the size of fat
stores, with a primary function in the control of lipid reserves. Besides adipose tissue, leptin …

Leptin, a hormone that is capable of effectively reducing food intake and body weight, was
initially considered for use in the treatment of obesity. However, obese subjects have since …

The discovery of leptin changed the view of adipose tissue from that of a passive vessel that
stores fat to that of a dynamic endocrine organ that actively regulates behaviour and …

Inflammation is an essential immune response for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In
a general sense, acute and chronic inflammation are different types of adaptive response …

Abstract Cosponsoring Associations: The European Society of Endocrinology and the
Pediatric Endocrine Society. This guideline was funded by the Endocrine Society. Objective …

Obesity is among the most common and costly chronic disorders worldwide. Estimates
suggest that in the United States obesity affects one-third of adults, accounts for up to one …