Aims As an analgesic that acts upon the central nervous system (CNS), tramadol has gained
popularity in treating moderate to severe pain. Recently, it has been increasingly reported as …

Poisoning is a frequent cause of referral to medical emergencies and a major health
problem around the world, especially in develo** countries. We aimed to review the …

Aims This paper aims to identify possible system‐level factors contributing to the marked
differences in the levels of non‐medical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) and prescription …

Background: Tramadol abuse liability is underestimated and the evidence of abuse and
dependence is emerging. It has many health and social consequences especially in …

Abstract Background and Aims Misuse of tramadol, an opioid prescription analgesic, is
known as a public health challenge globally. We aimed to systematically review studies on …

An increasingly alarming phenomenon of tramadol drug abuse has been demonstrated in
the Egyptian community. The alleged usages of tramadol had also contributed greatly to its …

In the UK tramadol is a frequently prescribed opioid analgesic which is becoming
increasingly popular as a drug of misuse. Its use varies worldwide and in the last decade it …

Background Tramadol hydrochloride is a common prescription pain reliever that is
structurally similar to morphine and codeine with its analgesic effects identified as a mu …

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In contrast with other opioids, there are few cases of
tramadol-related respiratory depression described in the literature, and renal impairment is a …

Non-medical prescription use of opioids (NMPUO) is a public health concern worldwide.
Recently, tramadol misuse is increasing, but the systematic research of misuse of this …