Locomotion is a universal motor behavior that is expressed as the output of many integrated
brain functions. Locomotion is organized at several levels of the nervous system, with …

Modulating neural electrophysiology with high precision is essential for understanding
neural communication and for the diagnosis and treatment of neural disorders. Photothermal …

Arrest of ongoing movements is an integral part of executing motor programs. Behavioral
arrest may happen upon termination of a variety of goal-directed movements or as a global …

Locomotion empowers animals to move. Locomotor-initiating signals from the brain are
funneled through descending neurons in the brainstem that act directly on spinal locomotor …

Sociability is crucial for survival, whereas social avoidance is a feature of disorders such as
Rett syndrome, which is caused by loss-of-function mutations in MECP2. To understand how …

Cadmium (Cd) is known as a widespread environmental neurotoxic pollutant. Cd exposure
is recently recognized as an etiological factor of Parkinson's disease (PD) in humans …

Hypertension, as a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is associated with
oxidative stress and impairment of endogenous antioxidant mechanisms, but there is still a …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established and effective treatment for patients with
advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), yet its underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic …

The ability to generate and control locomotor movements depends on complex interactions
between many areas of the nervous system, the musculoskeletal system, and the …

The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) was discovered several decades ago in the cat.
It was functionally defined based on the ability of low threshold electrical stimuli within a …