The plant cell wall is composed of multiple biopolymers, representing one of the most
complex structural networks in nature. Hundreds of genes are involved in building such a …

Accompanying the process of growth and development, plants are exposed to ever-
changing environments, which consequently trigger abiotic or biotic stress responses. The …

Ovules are female reproductive organs of angiosperms, consisting of sporophytic
integuments surrounding female gametophytes, that is, embryo sacs. Synchronization …

Pollen tubes rapidly elongate, penetrate, and navigate through multiple female tissues to
reach ovules for sperm delivery by utilizing a specialized form of polar growth known as tip …

Plants display a complex life cycle, alternating between haploid and diploid generations.
During fertilisation, the haploid sperm cells are delivered to the female gametophyte by …

The highly specialized haploid male gametophyte—pollen consist of two sperm cells and a
large vegetative cell. Successful fertilization requires proper growth timing and rupture of the …

In flowering plants, cell–cell communication between the compatible pollen grain/growing
pollen tube and the pistil is an essential component for successful sexual reproduction. In …

Key message In light of the available discoveries in the field, this review manuscript
discusses on plant reproduction mechanism and molecular players involved in the process …

Microbial and plant cell walls have been selected by the plant immune system as a source of
microbe‐and plant damage‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs) that are …

Proline‐rich extensin‐like receptor kinases (PERKs) belong to the hydroxyproline‐rich
glycoprotein (HRGP) superfamily known to be involved in many plant developmental …