Costs of defense are central to our understanding of interactions between organisms and
their environment, and defensive phenotypes of plants have long been considered to be …

The genus Quercus is among the most widespread and species‐rich tree genera in the
northern hemisphere. The extraordinary species diversity in America and Asia together with …

Despite the importance of consumers in structuring communities, and the widespread
assumption that consumption is strongest at low latitudes, empirical tests for global scale …

One of the most well-supported theories regarding the evolution of plant defenses is the
resource availability hypothesis (RAH). RAH posits that species from high-resource …

There is increasing evidence that geographic and climatic clines drive the patterns of plant
defence allocation and defensive strategies. We quantified early growth rate and both …

Species comparisons are a cornerstone of biology and there is a long tradition of using the
comparative framework to study the ecology and evolution of plant defensive traits. Early …

Both herbivory and plant defenses against herbivores have been predicted to increase
toward tropical regions. Early tests of this latitudinal herbivory-defense hypothesis (LHDH) …

The significance of polyphenols, with emphasis to flavonoids, in the responses of
Mediterranean plants to unfavorable environments, is discussed based on their ability to …

A long‐standing paradigm in ecology holds that herbivore pressure and thus plant defences
increase towards lower latitudes. However, recent work has challenged this prediction …

A central tenet of plant defense theory is that adaptation to the abiotic environment sets the
template for defense strategies, imposing a trade-off between plant growth and defense. Yet …