What is here called controlled natural language (CNL) has traditionally been given many
different names. Especially during the last four decades, a wide variety of such languages …

Identifying requirements for an information system is an important task and conceptual
modelling is the first step in this process. Conceptual modelling plays a critical role in the …

Abstract An Introduction to Ontology Engineering is a free online textbook that provides an
overview of ontology engineering, including logics and automated reasoning, methods and …

Enabling information interoperability, fostering legal knowledge usability and reuse,
enhancing legal information search, in short, formalizing the complexity of legal knowledge …

The Internet and other open connectivity environments create a strong demand for the
sharing of data semantics. Emerging ontologies are increasingly becoming essential for …

The Multilingual Semantic Web has been in focus for over a decade. Multilingualism in
Linked Data and RDF has shown substantial adoption, but this is unclear for ontologies …

We describe a verbalization of the logical content of OWL ontologies—using OWL 1.1
without data-valued properties—in Attempto Controlled English (ACE). Because ACE is a …

Knowledge representation is a long-standing research area of computer science that aims at
representing human knowledge in a form that computers can interpret. Most knowledge …

The language isiZulu belongs to the Nguni group of languages, which also include isiXhosa,
isiNdebele and siSwati. Of the four Nguni languages, isiZulu is the most dominant language …

Abstract Natural Language Generation (NLG) is concerned with transforming given content
input into a natural language output, given some communicative goal. Although this input …